diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index 92144ab..cb3ad68 100644
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ PATCHBAY_CONFIG=./dev/home/config.yaml
 PATCHBAY_MIHOMO_BIN=../binary/mihomo-windows-amd64-v3-go125.exe
 PATCHBAY_MIHOMO_HOME=./dev/home
 
+# 本地测试内核用的订阅地址，bun run dev:reset 会把它填进 dev/home/config.yaml。
+# 开发时一般是 SSH 隧道映射过来的 Sub-Store：ssh -N -L 3001:127.0.0.1:3001 用户名@服务器
+DEV_SUBSCRIPTION_URL=
+
 # ── 想对着真实机器调试时改成这一套 ──────────────────────
 # 先开隧道把管理接口映射到本机：
 #   ssh -N -f -L 9090:127.0.0.1:9090 用户名@服务器地址
diff --git a/dev/config.yaml b/dev/config.yaml
index 201e4c8..45e87b0 100644
--- a/dev/config.yaml
+++ b/dev/config.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
-# 本地开发用的测试配置 — 不含任何真实信息
-# 端口刻意避开默认值（7890 / 9090），免得和机器上其它 mihomo 打架。
-# 里面的服务器地址全是占位的，从不会真的连上去；这份配置只用来验证
-# 「写回 → 校验 → 重载 → 失败还原」这条链路，不用来真的代理流量。
+# 本地开发用的测试配置模板。
+#
+# 这是模板，不是实际运行的文件：`bun run dev:reset` 会把 __SUBSCRIPTION_URL__ 换成
+# .env 里的 DEV_SUBSCRIPTION_URL，生成 dev/home/config.yaml（那个文件不进 git）。
+# 订阅地址里通常带访问令牌，不能提交。
+#
+# 端口刻意避开 mihomo 的默认值（7890 / 9090），免得和机器上其它内核打架。
+# 结构照着真实那台机器来：没有手写线路，全部通过订阅引入——这样开发时遇到的
+# 约束和真实环境一致（比如订阅线路无法被入站直接引用）。
 
 mixed-port: 17890         # 代理端口，避开默认的 7890
 allow-lan: false           # 本地测试不对局域网开放
@@ -12,28 +17,30 @@ ipv6: false
 external-controller: 127.0.0.1:19090   # 管理接口，避开默认的 9090
 secret: "dev-secret-local-only"
 
-# 关掉自动更新，避免测试时下载 GEO 数据库
-geo-auto-update: false
+geo-auto-update: false     # 关掉自动更新，避免测试时下载 GEO 数据库
 
-proxies:
-  - name: 占位线路甲
-    type: socks5
-    server: 127.0.0.1
-    port: 1080
-  - name: 占位线路乙
-    type: socks5
-    server: 127.0.0.1
-    port: 1081
+proxy-providers:
+  subs:
+    type: http
+    url: "__SUBSCRIPTION_URL__"
+    path: ./providers/subs.yaml
+    interval: 86400
+    health-check:
+      enable: true
+      url: https://www.gstatic.com/generate_204
+      interval: 300
 
 proxy-groups:
   - name: PROXY                # 总开关，手动选
     type: select
     proxies: [AUTO, DIRECT]
+    use: [subs]
   - name: AUTO                 # 自动挑延迟最低的
     type: url-test
-    proxies: [占位线路甲, 占位线路乙]
+    use: [subs]
     url: https://www.gstatic.com/generate_204
     interval: 300
+    tolerance: 50
 
 rules:
   # 本机和内网地址一律直连
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 33a9101..5f76c65 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     "dev": "bun run --hot server/index.ts",
     "dev:web": "vite",
     "dev:kernel": "../binary/mihomo-windows-amd64-v3-go125.exe -d dev/home -f dev/home/config.yaml",
-    "dev:reset": "cp dev/config.yaml dev/home/config.yaml",
+    "dev:reset": "bun run scripts/dev-reset.ts",
     "build": "vite build",
     "test": "bun test",
     "smoke": "bun run scripts/api-smoke.ts",
diff --git a/scripts/dev-reset.ts b/scripts/dev-reset.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37d92cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/dev-reset.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/**
+ * 从模板生成本地测试内核的配置。
+ *
+ * 模板 dev/config.yaml 进 git，生成的 dev/home/config.yaml 不进——因为订阅地址里
+ * 通常带访问令牌。所以模板里写占位符，这个脚本从 .env 取真值替换。
+ *
+ * 用法：bun run dev:reset
+ */
+import { mkdir, readFile, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
+
+const TEMPLATE = './dev/config.yaml'
+const TARGET = './dev/home/config.yaml'
+const PLACEHOLDER = '__SUBSCRIPTION_URL__'
+
+const url = Bun.env.DEV_SUBSCRIPTION_URL
+const template = await readFile(TEMPLATE, 'utf8')
+
+if (template.includes(PLACEHOLDER) && !url) {
+  console.error(`模板里有 ${PLACEHOLDER}，但 .env 里没有 DEV_SUBSCRIPTION_URL。`)
+  console.error('填一个能拉到线路的订阅地址；开发时通常是 SSH 隧道映射过来的 Sub-Store。')
+  process.exit(1)
+}
+
+await mkdir('./dev/home', { recursive: true })
+await writeFile(TARGET, template.replaceAll(PLACEHOLDER, url ?? ''), 'utf8')
+console.log(`${TARGET} 已从模板重新生成`)
diff --git a/web/components/OutboundCard.vue b/web/components/OutboundCard.vue
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14f5964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/components/OutboundCard.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+/**
+ * 一个出站选项：策略组、线路，或者 RULE/DIRECT 这类内置出站。
+ *
+ * 左下角那格是延迟：测过就显示毫秒数，没测过显示一个闪电。两种情况都能点，
+ * 点了就测这一条——「没数字」和「想重测」需要的是同一个动作，没必要做成两个控件。
+ */
+import IconFlash from '~icons/ri/flashlight-line'
+import IconLoad from '~icons/ri/loader-4-line'
+
+defineProps<{
+  name: string
+  /** 第二行。策略组显示「类型(当前选中)」，线路显示协议 */
+  sub: string
+  /** 最近一次延迟，毫秒。没测过或测失败是 null */
+  delay: number | null
+  selected: boolean
+  /** 不可选时的原因。有值就说明这张卡点不了 */
+  disabledReason?: string
+  /** 这张卡的改动正在提交 */
+  pending?: boolean
+  /** 这条线路正在测延迟 */
+  testing?: boolean
+  /** 能不能测延迟。内置出站没得测 */
+  testable?: boolean
+}>()
+
+const emit = defineEmits<{ pick: []; test: [] }>()
+
+function delayClass(ms: number | null): string {
+  if (ms === null) return ''
+  if (ms < 200) return 'd-ok'
+  if (ms < 500) return 'd-warn'
+  return 'd-bad'
+}
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <div :class="['card', selected && 'is-on', disabledReason && 'is-off', pending && 'is-pending']">
+    <button
+      type="button"
+      class="hit"
+      :disabled="!!disabledReason"
+      :title="disabledReason"
+      @click="emit('pick')"
+    >
+      <span class="name">{{ name }}</span>
+      <span class="sub">{{ sub || '—' }}</span>
+    </button>
+
+    <div class="foot">
+      <button
+        v-if="testable"
+        type="button"
+        :class="['delay', delayClass(delay)]"
+        :disabled="testing"
+        :title="delay === null ? '测这条线路的延迟' : '重新测'"
+        @click="emit('test')"
+      >
+        <IconLoad v-if="testing" class="spin" />
+        <template v-else-if="delay !== null">{{ delay }} ms</template>
+        <IconFlash v-else />
+      </button>
+      <span v-else class="delay is-blank"></span>
+
+      <IconLoad v-if="pending" class="spin pend" />
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.card {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  min-width: 0;
+  border: 1px solid var(--c-border);
+  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
+  background: var(--c-surface-sunken);
+}
+
+.card.is-on {
+  border-color: var(--c-accent);
+  background: var(--c-accent-soft);
+}
+
+.card:not(.is-off):hover {
+  border-color: var(--c-accent);
+}
+
+.card.is-off {
+  opacity: 0.5;
+}
+
+.card.is-pending {
+  border-style: dashed;
+}
+
+.hit {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: var(--s-1);
+  min-width: 0;
+  padding: var(--s-3) var(--s-3) var(--s-1);
+  border: none;
+  background: none;
+  text-align: left;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.hit:disabled {
+  cursor: not-allowed;
+}
+
+.name {
+  font-size: var(--t-sm);
+  font-weight: 500;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.card.is-on .name {
+  color: var(--c-accent-text);
+}
+
+.sub {
+  font-size: var(--t-xs);
+  color: var(--c-text-faint);
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.foot {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: var(--s-2);
+  padding: 0 var(--s-3) var(--s-2);
+}
+
+.delay {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  min-height: 20px;
+  padding: 0 var(--s-1);
+  margin-left: calc(-1 * var(--s-1));
+  border: 1px solid transparent;
+  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
+  background: none;
+  font-family: var(--f-mono);
+  font-size: var(--t-xs);
+  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
+  color: var(--c-text-faint);
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.delay:hover:not(:disabled) {
+  background: var(--c-surface);
+  color: var(--c-accent-text);
+}
+
+.delay:disabled {
+  cursor: progress;
+}
+
+.delay.is-blank {
+  cursor: default;
+}
+
+.d-ok {
+  color: var(--c-ok);
+}
+.d-warn {
+  color: var(--c-warn);
+}
+.d-bad {
+  color: var(--c-danger);
+}
+
+.spin {
+  animation: spin 0.9s linear infinite;
+}
+
+.pend {
+  color: var(--c-text-faint);
+  width: 14px;
+  height: 14px;
+}
+
+@keyframes spin {
+  to {
+    transform: rotate(360deg);
+  }
+}
+</style>
diff --git a/web/views/InboundDetail.vue b/web/views/InboundDetail.vue
index 72e4194..c51d787 100644
--- a/web/views/InboundDetail.vue
+++ b/web/views/InboundDetail.vue
@@ -1,26 +1,33 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+/**
+ * 选中那一路入站的详情。
+ *
+ * 分两块，因为它们是两种不同性质的动作，不该长得一样也不该给一样的反馈：
+ *   流量去向 —— 换策略组当前选中谁。不写配置文件，点了立刻变。日常点的就是这个。
+ *   出站     —— 换这路入站指向哪个出站。要改配置文件，走校验和重载，要等几秒。
+ */
 import { computed } from 'vue'
 import type { Inbound, OutboundMode } from '@shared/inbounds.ts'
 import { latestDelay } from '../api'
 import type { ProxyInfo } from '../api'
+import OutboundCard from '../components/OutboundCard.vue'
 import IconOffline from '~icons/ri/cloud-off-line'
 import IconEdit from '~icons/ri/edit-line'
 import IconDelete from '~icons/ri/delete-bin-line'
-import IconFlash from '~icons/ri/flashlight-line'
 
 const props = defineProps<{
   inbound: Inbound
   groups: string[]
   ownProxies: string[]
   providerLines: string[]
+  runtime: Record<string, ProxyInfo>
   /** 流量最终交给哪个出站。走规则的入站要查到规则表末尾的 MATCH */
   destination: string | null
-  /** 运行时状态，键是出站名字。内核没连接时是空的 */
-  runtime: Record<string, ProxyInfo>
   kernelOnline: boolean
-  saving: boolean
-  /** 正在测延迟 */
-  testing: boolean
+  /** 正在提交的那个出站的名字。只有它显示忙碌，其余照常能点 */
+  pendingOutbound: string | null
+  /** 正在测延迟的线路 */
+  testing: string[]
 }>()
 
 const emit = defineEmits<{
@@ -28,26 +35,36 @@ const emit = defineEmits<{
   edit: []
   remove: []
   select: [group: string, member: string]
-  test: [group: string]
+  test: [name: string]
 }>()
 
+/** 默认入站没有 proxy 字段可写，「出站」那一块对它是只读的。 */
+const locked = computed(() => props.inbound.isDefault)
+
+function describe(name: string): string {
+  const info = props.runtime[name]
+  if (!info) return ''
+  return info.now ? `${info.type}(${info.now})` : info.type
+}
+
+const delayOf = (name: string) => latestDelay(props.runtime[name])
+const isTesting = (name: string) => props.testing.includes(name)
+
 /**
  * 从落脚的出站一路跟着「当前选中」往下走，直到走到一条真正的线路。
  *
- * 策略组可以选中另一个策略组，所以「这个端口现在走哪条线」往往要跳好几层：
- * PROXY 选了 AUTO，AUTO 选了某条线路。只显示第一层等于没回答问题。
+ * 策略组可以选中另一个策略组，所以「这个端口现在走哪条线」往往要跳好几层。
+ * 只显示第一层等于没回答问题。
  */
-function resolveChain(start: string | null): string[] {
-  const chain: string[] = []
-  let cursor = start
-  while (cursor && !chain.includes(cursor)) {
-    chain.push(cursor)
+const chain = computed(() => {
+  const hops: string[] = []
+  let cursor = props.destination
+  while (cursor && !hops.includes(cursor)) {
+    hops.push(cursor)
     cursor = props.runtime[cursor]?.now ?? null
   }
-  return chain
-}
-
-const chain = computed(() => resolveChain(props.destination))
+  return hops
+})
 
 /** 链条上最后一个还是策略组的环节——用户能在这里换选中。 */
 const switchable = computed(() => {
@@ -59,89 +76,20 @@ const switchable = computed(() => {
   return null
 })
 
-interface Option {
-  key: string
-  mode: OutboundMode
-  label: string
-  /** 卡片第二行。策略组显示「类型(当前选中)」，线路显示协议 */
-  sub: string
-  delay: number | null
-  disabled: boolean
-  /** 不可选时的原因，鼠标悬停显示 */
-  reason?: string
-}
-
-/** 默认入站没有 proxy 字段可写，整块都不可选。 */
-const locked = computed(() => props.inbound.isDefault)
-
-function describe(name: string): { sub: string; delay: number | null } {
-  const info = props.runtime[name]
-  if (!info) return { sub: '', delay: null }
-  const sub = info.now ? `${info.type}(${info.now})` : info.type
-  return { sub, delay: latestDelay(info) }
-}
-
-const builtins = computed<Option[]>(() =>
-  (
-    [
-      { mode: { kind: 'rules' } as OutboundMode, label: 'RULE', sub: '走分流规则' },
-      { mode: { kind: 'direct' } as OutboundMode, label: 'DIRECT', sub: '不经过代理' },
-      { mode: { kind: 'global' } as OutboundMode, label: 'GLOBAL', sub: '跟随全局选择' },
-    ] as const
-  ).map((b) => ({
-    key: b.label,
-    mode: b.mode,
-    label: b.label,
-    sub: b.sub,
-    delay: null,
-    disabled: locked.value,
-  })),
-)
-
-function named(names: string[]): Option[] {
-  return names.map((name) => {
-    const { sub, delay } = describe(name)
-    return {
-      key: name,
-      mode: { kind: 'named', name } as OutboundMode,
-      label: name,
-      sub,
-      delay,
-      disabled: locked.value,
-    }
-  })
-}
-
-const groupOptions = computed(() => named(props.groups))
-const ownOptions = computed(() => named(props.ownProxies))
-
-const lineOptions = computed<Option[]>(() =>
-  props.providerLines.map((name) => {
-    const { sub, delay } = describe(name)
-    return {
-      key: name,
-      mode: { kind: 'named', name } as OutboundMode,
-      label: name,
-      sub,
-      delay,
-      disabled: true,
-      reason: '订阅线路不能被直接引用，选中它需要自动建一个筛选组——这部分还没做',
-    }
-  }),
-)
-
-function isCurrent(mode: OutboundMode): boolean {
+function isCurrentOutbound(mode: OutboundMode): boolean {
   const now = props.inbound.outbound
   if (now.kind !== mode.kind) return false
   return now.kind !== 'named' || now.name === (mode as { name: string }).name
 }
 
-function delayClass(ms: number | null): string {
-  if (ms === null) return 'd-none'
-  if (ms < 200) return 'd-ok'
-  if (ms < 500) return 'd-warn'
-  return 'd-bad'
-}
+const BUILTINS: Array<{ mode: OutboundMode; label: string; sub: string }> = [
+  { mode: { kind: 'rules' }, label: 'RULE', sub: '走分流规则' },
+  { mode: { kind: 'direct' }, label: 'DIRECT', sub: '不经过代理' },
+  { mode: { kind: 'global' }, label: 'GLOBAL', sub: '跟随全局选择' },
+]
+
+const LINE_LOCKED = '订阅线路不能被入站直接引用，选中它需要自动建一个筛选组——这部分还没做'
+const NO_PROXY_FIELD = '这路入站没有 proxy 字段'
 </script>
 
 <template>
@@ -151,11 +99,10 @@ function delayClass(ms: number | null): string {
         <span class="port mono">{{ inbound.port }}</span>
         <span class="name">{{ inbound.name }}</span>
       </div>
-      <div v-if="!inbound.isDefault" class="acts">
-        <button type="button" :disabled="saving" @click="emit('edit')"><IconEdit /> 编辑</button>
-        <button type="button" class="danger" :disabled="saving" @click="emit('remove')">
-          <IconDelete /> 删除
-        </button>
+
+      <div v-if="!locked" class="acts">
+        <button type="button" @click="emit('edit')"><IconEdit /> 编辑</button>
+        <button type="button" class="danger" @click="emit('remove')"><IconDelete /> 删除</button>
       </div>
 
       <dl class="facts">
@@ -168,128 +115,114 @@ function delayClass(ms: number | null): string {
       </dl>
     </header>
 
-    <section v-if="chain.length" class="pick">
+    <!-- 运行时：换线路。不写文件，点了立刻变 -->
+    <section v-if="chain.length" class="block">
       <h3>流量去向</h3>
       <p class="chain mono">
         <template v-for="(hop, i) in chain" :key="hop">
-          <span v-if="i" class="arrow">→</span><span :class="i === chain.length - 1 && 'tail'">{{ hop }}</span>
+          <span v-if="i" class="arrow">→</span>
+          <span :class="i === chain.length - 1 && 'tail'">{{ hop }}</span>
         </template>
       </p>
 
       <template v-if="switchable">
-        <div class="sub-head">
-          <h4>{{ switchable.group }} 当前选中</h4>
-          <button
-            type="button"
-            class="flash"
-            :disabled="testing"
-            :title="`测试 ${switchable.group} 里所有线路的延迟`"
-            @click="emit('test', switchable.group)"
-          >
-            <IconFlash />
-          </button>
-        </div>
+        <h4>{{ switchable.group }} 当前选中</h4>
         <div class="grid">
-          <button
+          <OutboundCard
             v-for="m in switchable.members"
             :key="m"
-            type="button"
-            :class="['card', m === switchable.now && 'is-on']"
-            :disabled="saving"
-            @click="emit('select', switchable.group, m)"
-          >
-            <span class="card-name">{{ m }}</span>
-            <span class="card-sub">{{ runtime[m]?.now ? `${runtime[m]!.type}(${runtime[m]!.now})` : (runtime[m]?.type ?? '—') }}</span>
-            <span :class="['card-delay', delayClass(latestDelay(runtime[m]))]">
-              {{ latestDelay(runtime[m]) === null ? '' : `${latestDelay(runtime[m])} ms` }}
-            </span>
-          </button>
+            :name="m"
+            :sub="describe(m)"
+            :delay="delayOf(m)"
+            :selected="m === switchable.now"
+            :testing="isTesting(m)"
+            testable
+            @pick="emit('select', switchable.group, m)"
+            @test="emit('test', m)"
+          />
         </div>
       </template>
     </section>
 
-    <section class="pick">
+    <!-- 配置：换这路入站指向谁。要写文件、要校验 -->
+    <section class="block">
       <h3>出站</h3>
-
-      <p v-if="locked" class="aside-note">
-        由 <code>{{ inbound.legacyKey }}</code> 声明，这种写法没有 proxy 字段，出站固定是 RULE
+      <p v-if="locked" class="hint">
+        由 <code>{{ inbound.legacyKey }}</code> 声明，这种写法没有 proxy 字段，固定走 RULE
       </p>
 
       <div v-if="!locked" class="grid">
-        <button
-          v-for="opt in builtins"
-          :key="opt.key"
-          type="button"
-          :class="['card', isCurrent(opt.mode) && 'is-on']"
-          :disabled="opt.disabled || saving"
-          @click="emit('pick', opt.mode)"
-        >
-          <span class="card-name">{{ opt.label }}</span>
-          <span class="card-sub">{{ opt.sub }}</span>
-        </button>
+        <OutboundCard
+          v-for="b in BUILTINS"
+          :key="b.label"
+          :name="b.label"
+          :sub="b.sub"
+          :delay="null"
+          :selected="isCurrentOutbound(b.mode)"
+          :pending="pendingOutbound === b.label"
+          @pick="emit('pick', b.mode)"
+        />
       </div>
 
-      <template v-if="groupOptions.length">
+      <template v-if="groups.length">
         <h4 :class="locked && 'is-dim'">策略组</h4>
         <div class="grid">
-          <button
-            v-for="opt in groupOptions"
-            :key="opt.key"
-            type="button"
-            :class="['card', isCurrent(opt.mode) && 'is-on']"
-            :disabled="opt.disabled || saving"
-            @click="emit('pick', opt.mode)"
-          >
-            <span class="card-name">{{ opt.label }}</span>
-            <span class="card-sub">{{ opt.sub || '—' }}</span>
-            <span :class="['card-delay', delayClass(opt.delay)]">
-              {{ opt.delay === null ? '' : `${opt.delay} ms` }}
-            </span>
-          </button>
+          <OutboundCard
+            v-for="g in groups"
+            :key="g"
+            :name="g"
+            :sub="describe(g)"
+            :delay="delayOf(g)"
+            :selected="isCurrentOutbound({ kind: 'named', name: g })"
+            :disabled-reason="locked ? NO_PROXY_FIELD : undefined"
+            :pending="pendingOutbound === g"
+            :testing="isTesting(g)"
+            testable
+            @pick="emit('pick', { kind: 'named', name: g })"
+            @test="emit('test', g)"
+          />
         </div>
       </template>
 
-      <template v-if="ownOptions.length">
+      <template v-if="ownProxies.length">
         <h4 :class="locked && 'is-dim'">自有线路</h4>
         <div class="grid">
-          <button
-            v-for="opt in ownOptions"
-            :key="opt.key"
-            type="button"
-            :class="['card', isCurrent(opt.mode) && 'is-on']"
-            :disabled="opt.disabled || saving"
-            @click="emit('pick', opt.mode)"
-          >
-            <span class="card-name">{{ opt.label }}</span>
-            <span class="card-sub">{{ opt.sub || '—' }}</span>
-            <span :class="['card-delay', delayClass(opt.delay)]">
-              {{ opt.delay === null ? '' : `${opt.delay} ms` }}
-            </span>
-          </button>
+          <OutboundCard
+            v-for="p in ownProxies"
+            :key="p"
+            :name="p"
+            :sub="describe(p)"
+            :delay="delayOf(p)"
+            :selected="isCurrentOutbound({ kind: 'named', name: p })"
+            :disabled-reason="locked ? NO_PROXY_FIELD : undefined"
+            :pending="pendingOutbound === p"
+            :testing="isTesting(p)"
+            testable
+            @pick="emit('pick', { kind: 'named', name: p })"
+            @test="emit('test', p)"
+          />
         </div>
       </template>
 
       <h4 :class="locked && 'is-dim'">订阅线路</h4>
-      <p v-if="!kernelOnline" class="aside-note">
+      <p v-if="!kernelOnline" class="hint">
         <IconOffline />
-        内核未连接。订阅里有哪些线路只有运行中的内核知道
+        内核未连接，看不到订阅里有哪些线路
       </p>
-      <p v-else-if="lineOptions.length === 0" class="aside-note">订阅里没有线路</p>
+      <p v-else-if="providerLines.length === 0" class="hint">订阅里没有线路</p>
       <div v-else class="grid">
-        <button
-          v-for="opt in lineOptions"
-          :key="opt.key"
-          type="button"
-          class="card"
-          disabled
-          :title="opt.reason"
-        >
-          <span class="card-name">{{ opt.label }}</span>
-          <span class="card-sub">{{ opt.sub || '—' }}</span>
-          <span :class="['card-delay', delayClass(opt.delay)]">
-            {{ opt.delay === null ? '' : `${opt.delay} ms` }}
-          </span>
-        </button>
+        <OutboundCard
+          v-for="line in providerLines"
+          :key="line"
+          :name="line"
+          :sub="describe(line)"
+          :delay="delayOf(line)"
+          :selected="false"
+          :disabled-reason="LINE_LOCKED"
+          :testing="isTesting(line)"
+          testable
+          @test="emit('test', line)"
+        />
       </div>
     </section>
   </aside>
@@ -331,22 +264,6 @@ function delayClass(ms: number | null): string {
   white-space: nowrap;
 }
 
-.facts {
-  display: grid;
-  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
-  gap: var(--s-1) var(--s-4);
-  margin: 0;
-  font-size: var(--t-sm);
-}
-
-.facts dt {
-  color: var(--c-text-faint);
-}
-
-.facts dd {
-  margin: 0;
-}
-
 .acts {
   display: flex;
   gap: var(--s-2);
@@ -365,63 +282,55 @@ function delayClass(ms: number | null): string {
   cursor: pointer;
 }
 
-.acts button:hover:not(:disabled) {
+.acts button:hover {
   border-color: var(--c-accent);
   color: var(--c-accent-text);
 }
 
-.acts button.danger:hover:not(:disabled) {
+.acts button.danger:hover {
   border-color: var(--c-danger);
   color: var(--c-danger);
 }
 
-.acts button:disabled {
-  color: var(--c-text-faint);
-  cursor: not-allowed;
-}
-
-.is-dim {
-  opacity: 0.6;
-}
-
-.sub-head {
-  display: flex;
-  align-items: center;
-  justify-content: space-between;
-  gap: var(--s-2);
-}
-
-.flash {
+.facts {
   display: grid;
-  place-items: center;
-  width: 26px;
-  height: 26px;
-  border: 1px solid transparent;
-  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
-  background: none;
+  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
+  gap: var(--s-1) var(--s-4);
+  margin: 0;
+  font-size: var(--t-sm);
+}
+
+.facts dt {
   color: var(--c-text-faint);
-  cursor: pointer;
 }
 
-.flash:hover:not(:disabled) {
-  background: var(--c-accent-soft);
-  color: var(--c-accent-text);
+.facts dd {
+  margin: 0;
 }
 
-.flash:disabled {
-  cursor: progress;
-  opacity: 0.5;
-}
-
-.pick {
+.block {
   padding-top: var(--s-4);
 }
 
-.pick + .pick {
+.block + .block {
   margin-top: var(--s-5);
   border-top: 1px solid var(--c-border);
 }
 
+h3 {
+  font-size: var(--t-sm);
+  font-weight: 600;
+  color: var(--c-text-soft);
+  margin-bottom: var(--s-3);
+}
+
+h4 {
+  font-size: var(--t-xs);
+  font-weight: 500;
+  color: var(--c-text-faint);
+  margin: var(--s-5) 0 var(--s-2);
+}
+
 .chain {
   display: flex;
   flex-wrap: wrap;
@@ -441,104 +350,26 @@ function delayClass(ms: number | null): string {
   font-weight: 500;
 }
 
-h3 {
-  font-size: var(--t-sm);
-  font-weight: 600;
-  color: var(--c-text-soft);
-  margin-bottom: var(--s-3);
-}
-
-h4 {
-  font-size: var(--t-xs);
-  font-weight: 500;
-  color: var(--c-text-faint);
-  margin: var(--s-5) 0 var(--s-2);
-}
-
 .grid {
   display: grid;
   grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(168px, 1fr));
   gap: var(--s-2);
 }
 
-.card {
-  display: flex;
-  flex-direction: column;
-  gap: var(--s-1);
-  min-width: 0;
-  padding: var(--s-3);
-  border: 1px solid var(--c-border);
-  border-radius: var(--r-sm);
-  background: var(--c-surface-sunken);
-  text-align: left;
-  cursor: pointer;
-}
-
-.card:hover:not(:disabled) {
-  border-color: var(--c-accent);
-}
-
-.card.is-on {
-  border-color: var(--c-accent);
-  background: var(--c-accent-soft);
-}
-
-.card:disabled {
-  cursor: not-allowed;
-  opacity: 0.55;
-}
-
-.card-name {
-  font-size: var(--t-sm);
-  font-weight: 500;
-  overflow: hidden;
-  text-overflow: ellipsis;
-  white-space: nowrap;
-}
-
-.card.is-on .card-name {
-  color: var(--c-accent-text);
-}
-
-.card-sub {
-  font-size: var(--t-xs);
-  color: var(--c-text-faint);
-  overflow: hidden;
-  text-overflow: ellipsis;
-  white-space: nowrap;
-}
-
-.card-delay {
-  font-family: var(--f-mono);
-  font-size: var(--t-xs);
-  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
-  min-height: 1.2em;
-}
-
-.d-ok {
-  color: var(--c-ok);
-}
-.d-warn {
-  color: var(--c-warn);
-}
-.d-bad {
-  color: var(--c-danger);
-}
-.d-none {
-  color: transparent;
-}
-
-.aside-note {
+.hint {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
   gap: var(--s-2);
   color: var(--c-text-faint);
   font-size: var(--t-sm);
-  margin-bottom: var(--s-3);
   line-height: 1.6;
 }
 
-.aside-note code {
+.hint code {
   color: var(--c-text-soft);
 }
+
+.is-dim {
+  opacity: 0.6;
+}
 </style>
diff --git a/web/views/RouterPage.vue b/web/views/RouterPage.vue
index b4372d1..fc03774 100644
--- a/web/views/RouterPage.vue
+++ b/web/views/RouterPage.vue
@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@ const done = ref('')
 const fields = ref<ListenerFields | null>(null)
 const formOpen = ref(false)
 const formEditing = ref<Inbound | null>(null)
-const testing = ref(false)
+/** 正在提交的那个出站的名字。只有它显示忙碌，其余卡片照常能点 */
+const pendingOutbound = ref<string | null>(null)
+/** 正在测延迟的线路 */
+const testing = ref<string[]>([])
 
 onMounted(async () => {
   try {
@@ -101,7 +104,8 @@ async function commit(next: ConfigObject, success: string) {
 
 async function pickOutbound(mode: OutboundMode) {
   const target = selected.value
-  if (!target || target.listenerIndex === null || saving.value) return
+  if (!target || target.listenerIndex === null || pendingOutbound.value) return
+  pendingOutbound.value = outboundLabel(mode).text
 
   const next = clone()
   const entry = (next.listeners as ConfigObject[])[target.listenerIndex]!
@@ -110,7 +114,11 @@ async function pickOutbound(mode: OutboundMode) {
   if (proxy === undefined) delete entry.proxy
   else entry.proxy = proxy
 
-  await commit(next, `${target.name} 的出站改成了 ${outboundLabel(mode).text}`)
+  try {
+    await commit(next, `${target.name} 的出站改成了 ${outboundLabel(mode).text}`)
+  } finally {
+    pendingOutbound.value = null
+  }
 }
 
 function openAdd() {
@@ -155,24 +163,20 @@ async function selectMember(group: string, member: string) {
   }
 }
 
-/** 让内核并发测一个策略组里所有成员的延迟，测完刷新一次拿到新数字。 */
-async function testGroup(group: string) {
-  if (testing.value) return
-  testing.value = true
-  failure.value = null
-  done.value = ''
+/** 测一条线路的延迟。纯读操作，不影响任何配置，所以谁都不用禁用。 */
+async function testLine(name: string) {
+  if (testing.value.includes(name)) return
+  testing.value = [...testing.value, name]
   try {
-    const result = await api.testGroup(group)
-    const ok = Object.values(result).filter((ms) => ms > 0).length
-    done.value = `${group} 测完了，${ok} / ${Object.keys(result).length} 条通`
+    await api.testLine(name)
     emit('changed')
   } catch (error) {
-    // 测不通是关于线路的结论，不是 Patchbay 出了问题，所以用中性提示而不是错误框。
-    // 内核在全部超时时回 504，单条测失败回 503，两种都属于「测出来了，结果不好」。
-    const raw = error instanceof ApiError ? String(error.payload.message ?? error.message) : String(error)
-    done.value = raw.includes('timeout') ? `${group} 里的线路全部超时` : `测试没能完成：${raw}`
+    // 测不通是关于线路的结论，不是 Patchbay 出了问题，不弹错误框
+    const raw =
+      error instanceof ApiError ? String(error.payload.message ?? error.message) : String(error)
+    done.value = raw.includes('timeout') ? `${name} 超时` : `${name} 测不通`
   } finally {
-    testing.value = false
+    testing.value = testing.value.filter((n) => n !== name)
   }
 }
 
@@ -252,13 +256,13 @@ async function removeSelected() {
         :destination="resolveDestination(data, selected)"
         :runtime="runtime"
         :kernel-online="kernelOnline"
-        :saving="saving"
         @pick="pickOutbound"
         @edit="openEdit"
         @remove="removeSelected"
         @select="selectMember"
-        @test="testGroup"
+        @test="testLine"
         :testing="testing"
+        :pending-outbound="pendingOutbound"
       />
     </div>